乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因之一。如果在高级阶段检测到很难治疗，但是，早期发现可以显着增加生存机会，并改善数百万妇女的生活。鉴于乳腺癌的普遍流行，研究界提出早期检测，分类和诊断的框架至关重要。与医生协调的人工智能研究社区正在开发此类框架以自动化检测任务。随着研究活动的激增，加上大型数据集的可用性和增强的计算能力，预计AI框架结果将有助于更多的临床医生做出正确的预测。在本文中，提出了使用乳房X线照片对乳腺癌进行分类的新框架。所提出的框架结合了从新颖的卷积神经网络（CNN）功能中提取的强大特征，以及手工制作的功能，包括猪（定向梯度的直方图）和LBP（本地二进制图案）。在CBIS-DDSM数据集上获得的结果超过了技术状态。

To ensure proper knowledge representation of the kitchen environment, it is vital for kitchen robots to recognize the states of the food items that are being cooked. Although the domain of object detection and recognition has been extensively studied, the task of object state classification has remained relatively unexplored. The high intra-class similarity of ingredients during different states of cooking makes the task even more challenging. Researchers have proposed adopting Deep Learning based strategies in recent times, however, they are yet to achieve high performance. In this study, we utilized the self-attention mechanism of the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture for the Cooking State Recognition task. The proposed approach encapsulates the globally salient features from images, while also exploiting the weights learned from a larger dataset. This global attention allows the model to withstand the similarities between samples of different cooking objects, while the employment of transfer learning helps to overcome the lack of inductive bias by utilizing pretrained weights. To improve recognition accuracy, several augmentation techniques have been employed as well. Evaluation of our proposed framework on the `Cooking State Recognition Challenge Dataset' has achieved an accuracy of 94.3%, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

Starcraft II多代理挑战（SMAC）被创建为合作多代理增强学习（MARL）的具有挑战性的基准问题。 SMAC专注于星际争霸微管理的问题，并假设每个单元都由独立行动并仅具有本地信息的学习代理人单独控制；假定通过分散执行（CTDE）进行集中培训。为了在SMAC中表现良好，MARL算法必须处理多机构信贷分配和联合行动评估的双重问题。本文介绍了一种新的体系结构Transmix，这是一个基于变压器的联合行动值混合网络，与其他最先进的合作MARL解决方案相比，我们显示出高效且可扩展的。 Transmix利用变形金刚学习更丰富的混合功能的能力来结合代理的个人价值函数。它与以前的SMAC场景上的工作相当，并且在困难场景上胜过其他技术，以及被高斯噪音损坏的场景以模拟战争的雾。

DeepFake媒体如今正变得广泛，因为具有易于使用的工具和移动应用程序可以生成现实的DeepFake视频/图像，而无需任何技术知识。随着在不久的将来的这一技术领域的进一步进步，预计深冰媒体的数量和质量也将蓬勃发展，同时使DeepFake Media成为传播错误/虚假信息的可能新的实用工具。由于这些担忧，深层媒体检测工具已成为必要。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个新型混合变压器网络，利用早期功能融合策略进行深击视频检测。我们的模型采用两个不同的CNN网络，即（1）XceptionNet和（2）效率网络B4作为特征提取器。我们在FaceForensics ++，DFDC基准测试中以端到端的方式训练两个功能提取器。我们的模型在具有相对简单的体系结构的同时，在对FaceForensics ++和DFDC基准进行评估时，取得了与其他更先进的最先进方法相当的结果。除此之外，我们还提出了新颖的面部切割增加以及随机切割的增加。我们表明，提出的增强改善了模型的检测性能并减少过度拟合。除此之外，我们还表明我们的模型能够从少量数据中学习。

社交网络的快速发展以及互联网可用性的便利性加剧了虚假新闻和社交媒体网站上的谣言的泛滥。在共同19的流行病中，这种误导性信息通过使人们的身心生命处于危险之中，从而加剧了这种情况。为了限制这种不准确性的传播，从在线平台上确定虚假新闻可能是第一步。在这项研究中，作者通过实施了五个基于变压器的模型，例如Bert，Bert没有LSTM，Albert，Roberta和Bert＆Albert的混合体，以检测Internet的Covid 19欺诈新闻。Covid 19假新闻数据集已用于培训和测试模型。在所有这些模型中，Roberta模型的性能优于其他模型，通过在真实和虚假类中获得0.98的F1分数。

我们介绍了一种新颖的方法，用于使用时间戳监督进行时间戳分割。我们的主要贡献是图形卷积网络，该网络以端到端方式学习，以利用相邻帧之间的帧功能和连接，以从稀疏的时间戳标签中生成密集的框架标签。然后可以使用生成的密集框架标签来训练分割模型。此外，我们为分割模型和图形卷积模型进行交替学习的框架，该模型首先初始化，然后迭代地完善学习模型。在四个公共数据集上进行了详细的实验，包括50种沙拉，GTEA，早餐和桌面组件，表明我们的方法优于多层感知器基线，同时在时间活动中表现出色或更好地表现出色或更好在时间戳监督下。

肺部疾病会导致严重的呼吸问题，如果未及时治疗，导致猝死。许多研究人员利用深度学习系统使用胸部X射线（CXRS）诊断肺疾病。然而，这种系统需要在大规模数据上进行详尽的培训，以有效地诊断胸部异常。此外，采购这种大规模数据通常是不可行的和不切实际的，特别是对于罕见疾病。随着较近的增量学习的进步，研究人员定期调整了深度神经网络，以了解不同的训练示例。虽然，这种系统可以抵抗灾难性的遗忘，但它们彼此独立地对待知识表示，并且这限制了它们的分类性能。此外，据我们所知，没有增量学习驱动的图像诊断框架，专门用于筛选来自CXR的肺部障碍。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新颖的框架，可以学会逐步逐步筛选不同的胸部异常。除此之外，拟议的框架通过增量学习损失函数，即在逐步学习的知识表示之间识别逐步学习知识表示之间的结构和语义互相依赖性，无论扫描仪规格如何，都会识别逐步学习的知识表示之间的结构和语义相互作用。我们在包含不同胸部异常的五个公共CXR数据集上测试了拟议的框架，其中它通过各种指标表现出各种最先进的系统。

密集Wi-Fi网络中的设备移动性提供了几个挑战。与设备移动性相关的两个众所周知的问题是切换预测和接入点选择。由于无线电环境的复杂性，分析模型可能不会表征无线信道，这使得这些问题的解决方案非常困难。最近，使用复杂学习技术的认知网络架构越来越多地应用于这些问题。在本文中，我们提出了一种数据驱动的机器学习（ML）方案，以有效地解决WLAN网络中的这些问题。评估所提出的方案，并将结果与​​上述问题的传统方法进行比较。结果通过应用提出的计划报告了网络性能的显着提高。例如，提出的切换预测方案优于传统方法I.。RSS方法和行驶距离方法分别将不必要的切片数减少60％和50％。类似地，在AP选择中，所提出的方案通过分别实现高达9.2％和8％的吞吐量提高，优于SSF和LLF算法。